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MTV News catches up with Angello after SHM's last show at Ultra Music Festival.
By Elizabeth Lancaster and Sam Hendrick
Steve Angello
Photo: Associated Press
Source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1704624/swedish-house-mafia-steve-angello-keeps-on-going.jhtml
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Mar 28, 2013 6:27pm
ABC News? Paula Faris reports:
Joyce Ann Huston of Las Vegas has been a musician her entire life and is one of the 26 percent of Americans who say that they or a family member have struggled to pay medical bills in the last year, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation.
Want to learn how to slash those medical bills?
Join Michelle Katz in a live Twitter chat at 7 p.m. ET today. Check it out here:?@michellekatzmsn?#RealMoney or www.facebook.com/michellekatzmsn
Huston, known as ?Lady J,? was on stage Wednesday night and today, she?s paying for it.
Like millions of Americans, Huston has a chronic medical condition: She suffers from lupus.
She preps her body for days before performing, citing music as not just her only escape, but the only way she pays her bills.
Huston still owes $25,000 from her original diagnosis, and new bills from her ongoing care are mounting. With medical bills continuously contributing to her debt, she worries she could lose everything. Among those Americans who file for personal bankruptcy, 62 percent do so because of medical bills, according to one study in the American Journal of Medicine.
?I could end up losing my house,? Huston told ABC News.
ABC News' Paula Faris talks to Joyce Ann Huston of Las Vegas about saving money on her medical bills.
But what Huston and many others don?t realize is that more than half of the nation?s hospitals ? the nonprofits ? are required to give back to the community, often through what is called ?Patient Assistance Programs.?
?No, I wasn?t aware of that, at all,? Huston told ABC News.
Non-profit hospitals are required to publicize their policies on assistance programs. The American Hospital Association told ABC News, ?Hospitals should widely publicize on the premises, on the website, and distribute directly to patients their policies on assistance programs.?
But in one study by Community Catalyst of 100 hospitals, nearly half didn?t mention it on their website and almost 70 percent didn?t tell patients how to qualify when they called.
With the help of a patient advocate at the Colors of Lupus Foundation in Nevada, Katz and Huston went after some of that money. Sure enough, Huston?s hospital had a fund.
It took several weeks of phone calls to cut through all the red tape.
?You have to understand if they announce it, everyone would be flooding, right?? said Hui-Lim Ang, founder of the Colors of Lupus Foundation in Nevada.
?It?s just a matter of negotiation,? Ang added, ?just knowing it?s out there and not being afraid to ask for it.?
In the end, Huston qualified for assistance. ?Her $25,000 bill was reduced to just $7,000, which she will pay in monthly, interest-free payments of $100.
?I?m just shocked you all were able to do that,? Huston said. ?I didn?t know how I was going to make it through. I didn?t know things like this were possible. I?m so touched, so deeply touched.?
And today, after saving $18,000 on her medical bills, Huston is singing a much different tune.
Tips that could save you money:
1.?????? Ask for a written financial assistance policy.? Hospitals should have a written financial assistance policy available that includes eligibility criteria, the basis for calculating charges and the method for applying for financial assistance.
2.?????? If you can, let your hospital know ahead of time.? Hospitals use a process to identify who may or may not be able to pay in advance of billing, in order to determine whether a patient?s care needs could be funded by an alternative source, such as a charity care fund. This is also done during the billing and collection process, but it is best to address any billing issues in a timely manner. Since 2000, hospitals of all types have provided more than $367 billion in uncompensated care to their patients, according to the AHA.
3.????? Keep communicating and be calm.? People make mistakes, so it?s important to stay in touch with your care providers, hospital representatives and insurance providers. Be sure you document everything. Be prepared for representatives who may disagree with something you said. But if you have documentation to back up your claim, remain calm and use it.
For more, check out Michelle Katz? tips on her blog
If this story helped you, let us know on Twitter:?#MyWorldNewsStory
Source: http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/health/2013/03/28/real-money-hidden-money-at-your-hospital/
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There has been a wave of skepticism about the severity of this month's "biggest ever" denial-of-service attack ? that a fight between website hosts and spam fighters may or may not have sunk the DNS servers that run the entire Internet ? and, well, it's OK to be a little scared of the enormity of this thing. Just not that scared.?The New York Times's source compared the DDoS attacks to "nuclear bombs," while the BBC quoted the head of the spam company, Spamhaus, as claiming that their attacks would be strong enough to bring down a major government's Internet infrastructure "instantly."?Gizmodo and Venture Beat?both countered with no-big-deal posts, with Gizmodo's Sam Biddle going so far as to call the "Internet War Apocalypse" a "lie."?Not everyone agrees. So, if even the tech nerds are fighting over the fight that maybe slowed down the whole Internet, how should regular Internet users approach this thing? Like this:
RELATED: 'Non-Humans' Account for 51% of All Internet Traffic
The "nuclear bomb" analogy seems to have paint a picture that this DDoS attack leveled the entire web, and world-wide. That's not what happened. Parts of the Internet, however, did see some down time as a result of the attack. The Verge's Russell Brandom pointed to the following chart showing a dip at the London Internet Exchange, which is legally designated as "critical infrastructure":
RELATED: The 10-Year-Old Security Sink Hole Slowing the Entire Internet, Explained
Akamai's Real Time Global Web Monitor also showed congestion Wednesday in The Netherlands, where this whole fight originated, and in the U.K, per this chart:
RELATED: Group Sex Is a Great Way to Weed Out Snitches
A Sophos analyst also confirmed these European outages to ZDNet. And, according to Naked Security,?there were reports of 21.7 million?insecure/misconfigured DNS servers on the IPv4 yesterday. So, some people did see a slow down in their usage yesterday. Those people just don't live in America, where a lot of the scary media reports originated.
That "biggest ever" 300gbps figure is a "massive amount of bandwidth to a single enterprise or service," as a spokesperson for NIT, a tier 1 Internet operator, told Biddle. And it is the biggest ever, which does mean something ? these hacks are getting more serious, as this Arbor Network chart of previous DDoS attacks shows:
But the DNS servers that run much of the Internet can handle something like that. Even the LINX dip from above managed okay, as The Verge's Brandom explains: "The web is built on redundancy, so the extra terabyte-per-second of bandwidth could be spread across the network without any catastrophic failures."
Still, there is a reason for a little bit of alarmism: "The wake-up call for telecoms is real," Brandom writes. "There's never been a DDoS attack against an internet exchange before, and exchanges aren't set up to protect against them." As we pointed out yesterday, there is also a reason these DDoS attacks are possible in the first place, and it comes in the form of a security hole, which has to do with Open DNS resolvers, as opposed to closed ones.?
You might as well going on Internetting as usual, to be honest. For the hyper nervous users out there, though, this particular issue doesn't sound that hard to fix. CloudFare, the anti-DDoS firm Spamhaus enlisted to ward off the attack, suggests closing up these "openings." NakedSecurity's?Chester Wisniewski?reiterates this point: "If you are an administrator of DNS services, it is critical that you configure your recursive name servers to only reply to your own network." Of course, the specific type of "reflection" DDoS attack is just one of the many possible ways to take down the Internet. But the hyper-awareness for this "biggest ever" attack might encourage higher security standards in the future. Still: Relax.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/freak-appropriately-internet-war-apocalypse-172157481.html
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A sense of adventure does not diminish with age. As older women, we have a greater sense of self, are more confident and appreciate those things that are most important in life. We are inspired by natural and authentic beauty, have a dedication to lifelong learning and a curiosity to explore new experiences. Above all, we appreciate and stand in awe of the wonders our world holds. The following 6 must-see tours are suggestions for women just like us. If you have an adventure travel experience you?d like to share, please comment below.
National Geographic Photographers dubbed Southern Ireland?s Dingle Peninsula The Most Beautiful Place on Earth thanks to breathtaking views and pristine archeological sites. This unique area of Ireland has supported life for over 6,000 years, and the landscape is dotted with over 2,000 castles, strongholds and archaeological monuments.
Begin your morning with a horseback ride along pristine beaches, four wheeling through the hills or hiking ancient walking trails that lead you through greenest hills you?ve ever seen. Take a mid-morning tour of haunted sites with a special interest tour leader who will fill you in on local legends and lore while giving you a truly unique tour. Try your hand at archery or skeet shooting on castle grounds before ending your tour mid-afternoon.
Take a surfing or try kayaking lesson in the afternoon, charter a vessel for deep sea fishing fun or try dropping a line into one of the many rivers along the coast. Complete your day with Ireland?s finest cuisine accompanied by Irish brewed stouts or ales at a local pub, where you?re sure to have an unbelievable evening full of laughter, storytelling and music.
Alaska is the final frontier, and there is no better place to experience such a ruggedly beautiful terrain while still being within reach of the conveniences of the city. Anchorage is snuggled into the Chugach Mountain Range and receives 600 inches of snow every winter. One of the best ways to view majestic Chugach State Park without undertaking a mountain climbing adventure is to hop aboard a flightseeing tour.
During your tour of the Alaskan skies, you will travel over the Knik Glacier rim where you will view amazing hanging glaciers. Zip over the Colony Glacier at Lake George to view where it spills into the winding Knik Glacier Gorge. See moose, Dall sheep, and more while you fly over pristine lakes and surrounded by breath-taking snowcapped mountains before heading back to your hotel or private cabin.
Follow the footsteps of the Ancients to a land of magnificent beauty and exotic wildlife.
Jeep safaris rarely stray from the road, but an elephant back safari takes you off the beaten track. Your tour begins in the saddle of Africa?s most beloved transportation: the elephant. Because their scent masks yours, other creatures feel safe. You?ll remain safe and protected while viewing Africa through the elephant?s eyes ? complete with lions, tigers, hippos, rhinos and more.
Be inspired when you meet preserve guardsmen with passion, sacrifice and dedication to animal welfare. Guards are community heroes: military tough, attuned to the environment, and uniquely qualified by skills learned only by native tribesmen as a rite of passage.
Return to civilization, where you are welcome to tour local markets brimming with handmade textiles, jewelry, art, instruments and traditional dress while you watch the natives sporadically break out in song and dance. This trip is hard to top!
The appreciation of stunning outdoor beauty combined with a peek into the world of ancient civilizations equates to an adventure tour you don?t want to miss. Seattle?s Puget Sound is home to Blake Island, a private island accessible only by private charter or boat. Hop on your cruise boat from downtown Seattle?s Pier 55, where you will cruise to Tillicum Village.
Tourists learn about the ways of ancient inhabitants while being greeted with a traditional meal of steamed clams in nectar and salmon prepared in Native style. Take in a show of the Coast Salish tribe?s storytelling and symbolism before wrapping up with a quick tour of the islands. Explore the island?s walking and hiking trails and 5 miles of pristine beaches before wrapping up your tour at the gift shop.
Many of Cambodia?s most precious sites were abandoned for unknown reasons. In time, they were forgotten, eventually lost to the jungle, where they lay untouched, slowly disintegrating. Political unrest discouraged archaeological work. Today, the political climate is comfortable, rediscovery efforts are supported, and there is much to see. While you?re sure to visit Cambodia?s temples and sites, there are adventures to be had in the jungle and sea!
Your adventure begins with breakfast aboard a converted Khmer tour boat. While traveling to Koh Ta Kiev, you?ll enjoy views of lush jungles and white sand beaches complemented by brilliantly blue water. Snorkel stunningly colorful coral reef and try your hand at fishing for squid and reef fish. You will dock on a secluded island before lunching on traditionally cooked fresh seafood at a Khmer floating fishing village. Be sure to explore the local markets for one-of-a-kind souvenirs.
Cruise north to a private cove, drop anchor and take a 30 minute guided jungle trek, where you will likely see jungle cats, exotic birds, monkeys, snakes and other native wildlife. Take a quick dip before leaving campers around 4pm, or speak with your tour guide about renting tent space for an overnight stay in the jungle. Your tour comes to a close with your boat ride back to the mainland whistle you enjoy a sunset drink.
Austin is a great place to vacation when cold weather keeps beating you back indoors. Temperatures are warm year round, and the city offers constant musical entertainment, numerous fishing lakes, natural hot springs and more to enjoy at your leisure.
While leisure is great, if you?re looking for something a little more heart-poundingly adventurous, you?ve got to try the safe but thrilling 2 ? hour zip line tour of the famous canyons and inlets gracing Lake Travis. Fly down 5 different zip lines ranging in length from 250 feet to over 2800 feet. You?ll never experience views like these any other way! Professional tour guides teach you about the local area while assisting you through challenging hikes and nature walks.
Have you ever participated in an adventurous tour? Did it change your life? What was your experience and what tips would you give to your fellow travelers? Please add your comments below?
Source: http://sixtyandme.com/6-amazing-adventure-tours-for-women-like-us/
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BRUSSELS (AP) ? Authorities from Cyprus and the so-called troika of international lenders ? the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund ? reached agreement on a bailout loan for the country of up to 10 billion euros. A look at key parts of the deal:
?Cyprus had to come up with 5.8 billion euros somehow to secure the bailout.
?Depositors in the country's second-largest bank, Laiki, with accounts of more than 100,000 euros will lose an unspecified amount of their money. The move is expected to yield 4.2 billion euros overall ? or most of the needed amount.
?The remainder of the money will come from tax increases and privatizations.
?Cyprus had to agree to restructure its banking sector, which is unusually large for the size of its economy.
?Laiki will be dissolved at once and split into a "good bank" and a "bad bank." The "good bank" portion of Laiki will be folded into the largest bank, the Bank of Cyprus.
Associated PressBANGUI, Central African Republic (AP) ? A military official says that rebels in Central African Republic are pushing closer to the capital, Bangui.
Lt. Evrard Tekremoyen says the rebels, known as Seleka, took control of the town of Bossembele early Saturday. He said that an aerial attack has stopped the rebels from advancing beyond 26 kilometers (16 miles) from the capital.
The rebels had seized Damara on Friday, crossing the boundary line drawn by regional forces in January, when the same rebel group threatened to take the capital if their demands were not met.
Central African Republic, a nation of 4.5 million located at the heart of the African continent, remains one of the world's poorest nations. It has weathered repeated coups and rebel invasions, which have become part of the nation's political DNA.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/rebels-push-closer-c-african-republic-capital-114034076.html
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JERUSALEM (AP) ? Israel's prime minister says concerns over the security of Syria's chemical weapons stockpile were the motivating factor in restoring relations with Turkey.
Benjamin Netanyahu wrote on his Facebook page Saturday that Israel and Turkey, which border Syria, need to communicate with each other over the issue.
The Syrian "crisis" and the possibility that al-Qaida-linked groups could acquire chemical weapons was "the main consideration," in restoring ties, he wrote.
Netanyahu phoned his Turkish counterpart Friday and apologized for a botched raid on a Gaza bound flotilla in 2010 that left eight Turks and one Turkish-American dead. Turkey demanded an apology as a condition for restoring ties.
Netanyahu had until now refused to apologize, saying Israeli soldiers acted in self-defense after being attacked by activists. Relations were tense before the flotilla incident.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/israel-says-syria-reason-restoring-turkey-ties-190120177.html
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Denver, NC ? Betty Fernandez, a real estate specialist in Montecito, CA utilized the experience and knowledge of Pro Step Marketing to develop a new real estate website that incorporates advanced property search tools and search-engine friendly content. Fernandez?s new website, www.Betty4RealEstate.com, offers site visitors information on the real estate markets in Santa Barbara County and Ventura County California and advanced search capabilities for those interested in buying a home.
Visitors to Fernandez?s new Pro Step Marketing-designed website, will find the attractive design, informational copy and detailed property search capabilities are amazing resources for those looking to buy or sell real estate in the Santa Barbara County and Ventura County California areas. By focusing specifically on these real estate markets, Fernandez has created a site that offers detailed information and valuable resources to help their clients buy or sell their Santa Barbara County and Ventura County California area home.
In addition to creating a customized website, Pro Step Marketing also implemented a new search engine optimization program that will eventually move the Santa Barbara County and Ventura County California area real estate website Betty4RealEstate.com to the top of the natural rankings of major search engines such as Yahoo!, Google and Bing. This marketing strategy will further establish Coldwell Banker Residential Brokerage the real estate experts in their community and on the Internet.
Pro Step Marketing, located in Denver, North Carolina, provides real estate web design www.prostepmarketing.com, marketing consultation and education services to real estate agents across the country, along with logo design, branding services for print and web, website design and development, including lead integration strategies, and search engine optimization. Pro Step Marketing has a team dedicated to pulling all the pieces together so their clients can finally get the results they?ve always wanted from their real estate marketing strategy.
Source: http://blog.prostepmarketing.com/?p=1139
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MTV News chats with 'RW' bad boy before 'RetroMTV' marathon tonight at 8 p.m. ET/PT and Portland premiere next Wednesday.
By James Montgomery, with reporting by Vanessa White Wolf
David "Puck" Rainey in 1994
Photo:
Source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1704192/real-world-san-francisco-puck.jhtml
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Minerals Deficiency
Most people are low in minerals such as: calcium, magnesium, phosphor, sodium, iron. In order for the body to detoxify, you need alkaline minerals. An important role of calcium is to aid in detoxification. It is an alkaline mineral and catches the toxic acids that the body releases. Therefore, it's crucial that - before or during your detox - you get plenty of green vegetable juice and alkalizing foods.
See also:
Over time, our bodies build up toxins and store waste from food that is not fully eliminated. Raw food helps to detoxify the body by eliminating these poisons and setting us back on a course toward a naturally slim figure. But making the transition to a raw diet too quickly can have negative effects on the body. The healthier way is to make a gentle change based on your previous diet and current needs. Choose from the very beginning how far you want to go.
Cleansing Detox
The benefits of a raw food detox diet are: clearer sinuses, weight loss, clearer skin and shinier hair, greater energy, mental clarity and emotional stability as it eliminates depression. You can control how fast you want to detox. Experts recommend a slow cleansing detox to start with.
See also:
Raw foods are fresh, delicious and healthy, so if you?re new to raw foods, try simple, basic raw food recipes: salads, green smoothies, creamy mushroom soups, Asian style salads, raw burrito lettuce wraps, raw vegan pesto, or raw flaxseed crackers.
Cleansing: A Lifestyle
Whether you're looking to live an all-raw lifestyle, or just to improve your energy and shape while still eating the foods you love, going through bouts of detox can really make a difference. Plus, every time you detox, you reach a new level of cleanliness. Imagine a car running on the cleanest fuel without impurities to slow it down!
You might also like:
Source: http://www.becomegorgeous.com/fitness-diet/healthy_diets/the_raw_food_detox_diet-10074.html
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By Jill Faulkner
Due to the changing lifestyles and diets, one can have complications with the body muscles. It is important to seek for massage therapist services. This therapy has been known to have very few risks. The therapy is said to have originated thousand of year ago in Asian countries like Japan, China and parts of North Africa like Egypt. This therapy is commonly referred to as the art of rubbing. There are a wide collection of techniques and style you can choose from today. Most of these styles are geared towards relieving pain relaxation. It is important to consider some factors when finding a good massage therapist Seattle has.Every season you may find that one specific style is popular. Many people find it difficult to identify the best style that fits their needs. Specialists have perfected the art and you can choose from long, smooth strokes or even ask for the short, percussive strokes. Some specialists will apply oils and lotions when massaging while others will not. There are those that will ask you to undress while others are capable of administering the services when the client is dressed.
Before deciding on what massage you need ask yourself a few questions. You need to know if you want a massage for relaxation or stress control or whether you want to relief your body from certain health conditions. Clearly let the specialist understand the kind of service you need. The therapist may also customize a service for you by combining several styles. They put into consideration your age, health and the goals you might be having.
The expert must have a license qualifying him to operate in a given location. Most therapists go through a post secondary education system and are supposed to have some hours of experience. However, these standards differ from one country to another.
Some specialists work privately while others work in a public setting. These could be private offices, hospitals or fitness centers. You may also find some that travel to clients on appointments.
Research has shown that the benefits of these therapies are many. While most people go for these services for various reasons, the main purpose is to relief pain and for relaxation. Sportsmen seek for these therapies to rehabilitate injuries and for general good health purposes.
Nowadays many health clinics and wellness spas offer these services. There are many people embracing the need to have these therapies today unlike before. The best place to find a good specialist could be the internet. You can however search for them from other sources like newspapers, specialist associations or phone books. Your friends could also provide you with recommendations.
Understand some basic information about massage therapist industry first before engaging one. Apart from being certified and qualified, they should have professional malpractice insurance with them. Compare prices and choose the one that fits in you budget. Take your time and choose a good massage therapist Seattle has.
About the Author:
Source: http://healthfitnesstp.blogspot.com/2013/03/how-to-find-great-massage-therapist.html
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iOS (Jailbroken): The iPhone's alarm clock is fine for waking you up, but it doesn't provide you with any useful information. Wake Info is a jailbreak app that speaks information out loud the second you hit the snooze button.
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Two new woodlizard species have been uncovered from poorly explored areas of the Peruvian jungles. The males have beautiful body colouration with a distinctive green pattern before a dark brown and black background. It is assumed that the two species share the same territory, with only a slight difference in altitude ranges, which makes their biological divergence intriguing from an evolutionary point of view. The study was published in the open access journal Zookeys.
Being traditionally regarded as a group with a low species diversity, recent fieldwork on Enyalioides has increased the species richness considerably with three of the ten known species described in last 5 years. The new members of this still poorly known group of animals have been discovered during expeditions on both sides of the Andes' slopes, parts of Ecuador and Peru. This success rate suggests that more of these lizards might be awaiting discovery in other unexplored areas of the region.
The two newly described lizards were found in Cordillera Azul National Park, the 3rd biggest national park in Peru protecting the largest mountain rainforest in the country. The area includes some of the least explored forests in Peru. The basins of the rivers Pisqui and Pauya in the National park are remarkable with their great diversity of reptiles and amphibians.
One of the new species, Enyalioides azulae, is known only from a single locality in the mountain rainforest of the R?o Huallaga basin in northeastern Peru. It was named after the Spanish word "azul" (blue) referring to the Cordillera Azul National Park where this species was discovered. The second newly described lizard, Enyalioides binzayedi, can be seen in the same river basin and is named after the sponsor of the field survey Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE, who created the Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund (MBZSCF).
"Thanks to these discoveries, Peru becomes the country holding the greatest diversity of woodlizards. Cordillera Azul National Park is a genuine treasure for Peru and it must be treated as a precious future source of biodiversity exploration and preservation!", says the lead author Dr Pablo Venegas from Centro de ornitolog?a y Biodiversidad (CORBIDI) in Lima, Per?.
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Venegas PJ, Torres-Carvajal O, Duran V, de Queiroz K (2013) Two sympatric new species of woodlizards (Hoplocercinae, Enyalioides) from Cordillera Azul National Park in northeastern Peru. ZooKeys 277: 69, doi: 10.3897/zookeys.277.3594
Pensoft Publishers: http://www.pensoft.net
Thanks to Pensoft Publishers for this article.
This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.
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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/127393/Peru_surprises_with___new_amazing_species__of_woodlizards
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Merely a day after FCC commissioner Robert McDowell announced his resignation, it appears that chairman Julius Genachowski is going to do likewise. Citing an unnamed FCC official and industry official, The Wall Street Journal reports Genachowski is expected to leave -- presumably as his term ends on June 30th. Granted, the departure isn't a shock to anyone who follows the roller coaster ride of Washington, but it's bound to rekindle chatter about who is set to take his place.
Like most every other figurehead in politics, Genachowski has had his fair share of outspoken proponents and critics, but he has embedded himself into the world of consumer electronics in a way that few other chairmen have. From calling for hastened broadband rollouts throughout America to voicing concerns about the existing phone unlocking policy, Genachowski won't soon be forgotten for his forthright opinions on matters that impact folks who frequent this site. As for the man or woman taking his place this summer? Looks like we'll have to wait a bit for the answer to that one.
We reached out for more, and a spokesperson for the chairman declined to comment.
Filed under: Cellphones, Mobile
Source: Wall Street Journal
Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/hM3HI8WbFa8/
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Angelo Carconi / AP
Pope Francis is driven through the crowd in in St. Peter's Square for his inaugural Mass at the Vatican on Tuesday, Mar. 19, 2013. Francis took his name from Francis of Assisi, who was known for his concern for the poor and downtrodden, and for a 13th century encounter with the Sultan of Egypt.
By Kari Huus, Staff Writer, NBC News
Catholics and Muslims have come a long way since the Crusades, but during the tenure of Pope Benedict XVI, relations between the world?s two largest religions hit the skids.
So it was with relief and renewed optimism that prominent Muslims and interfaith advocates cheered the newly anointed Pope Francis.
"We are hoping for better relations with the Vatican after the election of the new pope," Mahmud Azab, adviser for inter-faith affairs at Al-Azhar, Sunni Islam's highest seat of learning in Cairo, told AFP. "We congratulate the Church of St. Peter and all Catholics around the world."
From the start, Benedict put less energy in reaching out to other religions than his predecessor, Pope John Paul II, who blazed the trail for Catholic relations with Muslims and other religions through his tireless travels and scores of meetings and prayer with imams around the world.
Under John Paul, the Vatican launched the World Day of Prayer for Peace in 1986, which was at first a hard sell for prominent Muslims, said Father Thomas Michel, who has a PhD in Islamic studies and headed John Paul?s office for Islam?for 13 years.
"By the second one [World Day of Prayer for Peace in 1993] Muslims could see he didn?t have any other agenda ? that he wasn?t going to get them all together and convince them to become Christians," said Michel, now a professor of Christian-Muslim relations at Georgetown University.
"By the time of the third, in 2002, there were so many leaders of Muslims organizations there wasn?t room for them on the podium? I don?t think Muslims changed so much, but what changed was the level of trust."
Mohammed brought 'evil and inhuman'
But when Benedict gave a controversial speech at the University of Regensburg in Germany in 2006 ? a little more than a year after his installation as pope ? he sparked fury across the Muslim world by quoting a Byzantine Emperor as saying, "show me just what Mohammed brought that was new and there you will find things only evil and inhuman."
Channi Anand / AP file
Muslim protestors rally in Jammu, India on Sept. 15, 2006 after Pope Benedict XVI made a controversial speech at the University of Regensburg in Germany.
In response to the pope's comments ? though some argued they had been misunderstood ? 138 leading Muslim scholars from around the world signed an open letter of protest to Benedict. In some countries there were protests and attacks on churches.
"It was a very strained period of the relationship," said John Esposito, professor of International Affairs and Islamic Studies at Georgetown University.
The Vatican took measures to patch up the fallout from Regensburg speech ? which?Vatican officials reportedly called "the accident."?
They held formal meetings with the Muslim leaders who had launched a "common word" initiative emphasizing the shared principles at the core of Christian and Islamic scriptures.
In October 2006, Benedict traveled to Turkey, making a symbolic visit to the ornate Blue Mosque in Instanbul where he emphasized his desire for reconciliation between Muslims and Christians.
And in 2009, Benedict traveled to Jordan and visited the site where Jesus was baptized, emphasizing the "common history" of Christianity and Islam. Even so, he stopped short of praying with his Muslim hosts in a mosque, or taking his shoes off to enter the prayer hall.
Dialogue resumed, but the relationship remained cool.
There are some early signs that Pope Francis could pick up where Pope John Paul II left off.
Reports from Argentina citing local?Muslim leaders suggest that Francis ? formerly Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio, the Archbishop of Buenos Aires ? was a friend to the Muslim community.
One report out of the country said that in 2006 Bergoglio spoke out against the Regensburg speech, according to the Daily Telegraph of London.
Quick response to Francis
"Pope Benedict's statements don't reflect my own opinions," he said in a local press interview, according to the report. "These statements will serve to destroy in 20 seconds the careful construction of a relationship with Islam that Pope John Paul II built over the last twenty years."
That report has not been confirmed by NBC News.
But a lot of Muslim optimism about Francis is based simply on hunches about his character.
The initial impression of the pope ? as a man who values simplicity, openness, and the ability to connect with all people ??is appealing to Muslims, said Esposito.
/
Cardinals from around the world gathered in the Vatican to elect the next leader of the Roman Catholic Church.
For the new pope?s installation ceremony, he noted: "They went out of their way to talk about how people of all major faiths are invited. From the other side, it?s interesting to see how quick Muslims were? to say how they look forward to working with him."
He referred to public statements issued by prominent imams as well as larger Muslim civil rights groups including the Council on American Islamic Relations and the Muslim Public Affairs Council.
Michel saw the same optimism about Pope Francis in a flood of email from Muslims.
"They are so happy and looking forward to working with him," he said. "He?s coming in as every pope does with a real fund of good will and they are really hoping that he will be someone he can work with."
Building trust and influence
If Francis establishes a relationship of trust with Muslims, it could have impact beyond just warm and fuzzy feelings, some observers believe.
A pope with a new approach could be important in a Muslim-majority country like Pakistan, where minority Christians -- most of them Catholics -- suffer persecution, says Jeff Siddique, a Muslim-American in Seattle who was born in Pakistan.
"If (Pope Francis) can build a relationship with the leadership in Pakistan, he may be able to convince them that protecting the Christians in Pakistan is a good thing to do," he said.
Likewise, he may be able to restart discussions with Al-Azhar University in Egypt, which cut off dialogue with the Vatican in 2011 after Benedict called for greater protections for non-Muslims after a suicide bomber attacked a church in Egypt, killing 23 people. Al-Azhar cut ties over what it said was Benedict?s "repeated treatment of Islam in a negative way."
To have an influence across religions requires a foundation of trust, said Michel.
"When they trust each other they can speak freely,"?he said. "If people come on as scolds or know-it-alls, they get their backs up and won?t accept it."
For some seeking clues about the pontiff?s position on Christian-Muslim relations, his choice of Francis ? after Francis of Assisi ? has significance beyond his emphasis on simplicity and concern for the poor and downtrodden.
A 13th century story describes how St. Francis left the camp of the crusaders who were attacking the walled Egyptian city of Damietta, and dared to cross enemy lines to meet with Malik al-Kamil, the sultan of Egypt. He risked being killed, but instead, he had a fruitful conversation with the Muslim leader and left unharmed.
The encounter is played up in newer biographies as a pivotal moment of engagement between the two religions.
"We?re seeing the church interpret Francis in modern times as a bridge," said Paul Moses, author of "The Saint and the Sultan," a 2009 book which explores the encounter. "To Muslims ears, the choice of Francis for a name should sound good," he told Religion News Service.
Did Francis choose this name as an overture to Muslims?
"I?d say that it?s pushing it to say this was a factor," said Michel. Nonetheless, he said other signs favor improving ties ? from both sides of the divide.
"I get the feeling of 'let's start over, let's start a new chapter. The last one was bumpy'."
Follow Kari Huus on Facebook
Related:
At inauguration, Pope Francis appeals for protection of poor, environment
Impromptu appearance, off-the-cuff address: Pope's Sunday surprises delight
Full coverage of Pope Francis from NBC News
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Two weeks after she took it off, the singer tweeted out a photo with her ring on full display.
By Jocelyn Vena
Miley wearing her engagement ring while in a onesie
Photo: Miley Ray Cyrus/Twitter
Source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1704014/miley-cyrus-engagement-ring-onesie.jhtml
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Excited about ethics? ?Check! ?Ethics in Military Justice kicked off yesterday and luckily our in-class discussion was more lively than #METC on Twitter (come on, people! is no one interested in the ethics of Judge Advocates!). ?Here are some issues that continued to resonate for me after class...
Are the rules (our professional ethics) designed to protect us from our clients or our clients from us? ?The popular image is that the rules protect our clients from potentially predatory attorneys, taking advantage of innocent clients ignorant of the mysteries of the law.? But is this the case?? If it were true, wouldn't attorney discipline be swift, meaningful, and widespread?? Instead, we have lax rules (we'll discuss more in Week 7)?and a profession populated by (too many) lackluster attorneys.? Perhaps the rules are designed to protect us/our profession from too much oversight and regulation by non-lawyers.? To that end, we would want the largest possible population of lawyers to count on, even if it meant putting up with a few bad apples.? What do you think??
And how does the dual nature of the Soldier-attorney work when it comes to professional obligations?? Does a Warrior Ethic influence our attorney ethics?? Does it supersede, influence, or stand as a separate set of obligations and guides of behavior?? Is the expectation of virtuous behavior (part of the Warrior Ethic) mean there is a higher standard when it comes to judge advocates, with regard to their legal practice?? Is it enough to meet the ethical minimum, or should we aspire/expect to be ethically perfect?LTC Grimes
Source: http://tjaglcs-adc.blogspot.com/2013/03/metc-who-do-rules-protect.html
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From Dee Byers:
Stryknyn opened the show with a win via spear over the returning David Coleman. After the match, APW Commissioner Jacob Ashworth appeared on the big screen and ordered Stryknyn to leave the building and then announced that Southern States Champion Jacoby Boykins would defend the title later in the evening against Jeremy Vain and that Ashworth would be at ringside.
APW North Georgia champ Wade Adams pinned Psycho Scott Mason.
APW Tag Team champs King Seth Delay and Da Fireman successfully defended the titles against Yasir Akbar and Kevin Ballenger when Seth hit a sunset flip on Akbar.
APW Commissioner Jacob Ashworth pinned Shane Hexxon after crotching him on the top rope and hitting the power bomb for the win.
James Boulevard and Jamie Cruz defeated the team of Chris Spectra and The Sin City Saint Brandon Parker. This match came about after a previous altercation between Parker and Boulevard caught on the big screen and Parker and Boulevard, respectively, recruiting former parters Cruz and Spectra as tag partners. After a long back and forth match, Boulevard rolled Parker with a handful of tights for the pin.
Jeremy Vain defeated Jacoby Boykins to become the new APW Southern States champion. After a quick start by Vain, Jacoby Boykins took control of the match by a combination of brutal power moves and outside interference by Commissioner Ashworth. But Vain would come back and, after a series of moves that was topped off by an amazing Death Valley Driver on Boykins, Vain looked poised to take the title. The big move on Boykins drew Ashworth to jump up on the ring apron, breaking the count and drawing the referee to start arguing with Ashworth. While the referee and Ashworth were occupied, Stryknyn ran out, grabbed the APW Southern States title belt and threw it to Vain. Jeremy Vain clocked Jacoby Boykins with the belt and made the pin as the referee turned around.
APW News and Notes: Spring Break Bash 2013 will be held on April 19th at the APW Arena in Royston, GA.
Source: http://www.gwhnews.com/2013/03/march-15-alternative-pro-wrestling.html
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If you want to make improvements to a home, one thing you really must have is some kind of drill. You need it to start screws and to drive them in place. Choose at least a nine-volt drill with a variety of attachments.
TIP! Be careful about the kinds of products you select to tackle stubborn clogs. Some drain cleaners are extremely harsh.
Home projects need to get done, but you don?t know how to get started. Is this you? Home improvements can be overwhelming, leaving you unsure where to begin. This article can help improve the look of your home.
Use a wet sponge on your drywall. Rather than sanding the seams in your drywall, sponge them. A wet sponge can be as effective as careful sanding when it comes to smoothing out seams. The good thing about it is that you do not create dust with the sanding.
TIP! You might have to get permits for major projects like putting in a pool or building a garage. If you are having a hard time figuring out exactly what you need to do, consider hiring a professional that can help guide you through the maze of paperwork.
Roof leaks are commonly located around any openings in the roof, such as skylights, vents and chimneys. The next place to look would be the gutters! Gutters that have been damaged are perhaps the main leaky roof culprit because water will run down your home.
You need to cover floor surfaces anytime you paint. Paint that has dripped onto hardwood flooring, carpets or tile can prove tough to clean. To prevent accidental spills, put old sheets, drop cloths or blankets across the floor.
TIP! You should think about solar panels as far as projects for your home. This is a great investment, especially since you will have to pay more for electricity.
Simply checking your air conditioner filters and changing them out is a valuable home improvement. Old, clogged filters reduce the efficiency of your air conditioner, forcing it to work harder to keep your house cool. If your AC is working harder, it will be consuming a greater amount of energy to cool your home. You will have to pay more for this when the bills come.
One excellent way to boost your home?s value is to give your hardwood floors a good refinishing. While a large project, refinishing isn?t hard. Local hardware stores sometimes offer classes, as well as the equipment needed to get the job done. This project will save you a lot of money in the long run.
TIP! During the summer, make liberal use of fans. A ceiling fan does an excellent job of circulating air, thereby making any room much cooler.Start on your cabinets and then put a line around your kitchen. This line helps give you a reference for measuring when you install both the base and wall cabinets. The benchmark line ought to start the floor?s highest pot.
Save a lot of money by doing your own home improvements. But, if the repairs needed are complicated, you may need to hire an experienced contractor. However, most homeowners can do simple plumbing projects and painting. If you can do these repairs yourself, you can reduce your cost a lot.
TIP! In any major renovation project, resist the temptation to work fast when you?re in the demolition phase. It is tempting just to rip the old work out quickly so that you can get right into installing the new pieces.
Take the time to drain the water from your water heater bi-annually. When you take good care of your water heater, it will run better and last longer. This project is as simple as locating the drain valve, attaching a hose, and turning the valve in the same way you would turn a spigot.
You need to select dry days to paint. This tip can help to provide the professional appearance you are looking for. When the days are wet and humid, your paint will dry slower, and this adds time to the length of your project. By painting when it is dry, you will get the project done faster.
TIP! If you are not able to get a designer, you can do it yourself. Look everywhere you can for ideas, from books and magazines to blogs and websites.
Sometimes, improvements within the home can cause a disturbance. A good way to do this is to do it alone. This can prevent added stress when you are already dealing with the project at hand.
Is your home too hot and bright during the day? If yes, look to tint your home?s windows. Most homeowners are quite capable of handling the easy installation process on their own. Additionally, tinting your windows saves a lot on your cooling bill.
TIP! Downward-facing outdoor lighting accents can easily make the attractive places in your walkway or lawn appear more attractive. Place them in a tree to simulate natural lighting like moonlight or dappled sunlight.If your home?s siding needs repair, insulation should be the first step. It is sure to increase your home?s value and reduce your energy costs. You will soon have extra money in hand.
Adding a new sink can really change the appearance of your kitchen. This can instantly improve your kitchen?s look. Add a pop of bright color to your remodeled kitchen by selecting a new sink in a fresh color.
TIP! Use zipper baggies to prevent your paint brushes and equipment from drying out while you take a short break. While you are gone, put each brush and roller head into a bag and zip it shut.
It?s unfortunate, but it?s normal for chair caning to start sagging after a while. You can restore the caning to like new by using this trick. Just wet the bottom with a sponge. Be sure you use warm water. The water should be let to dry out your caning overnight. You can repeat this process until the caning has tightened up again.
An addition can increase the value of your home. Something like a built in book shelf for the library, or a wine cellar are great ideas. These impressive additions will not only please you, but they will substantially increase the value of your home.
TIP! Changing window treatments in a room greatly adds to the new look. It is inexpensive to change out window treatments, and a new color or fabric can make a huge difference in your room.
Research prior to demolishing something. You could be tempted to just start trashing things for the sheer fun of it, but this is not a good idea. Think safety first and ensure that wiring and components are disconnected. It may be too costly to remove the full structure, so you need to check.
If you are replacing your exterior lighting, you may want to consider installing outdoor motion detectors in strategic areas. Such lights use sensors to recognize movements and illuminate spaces only when necessary. This can really save you money as you?ll only use the lights when you really need them.
TIP! Look at everything in your room, and choose one item to base your color scheme on. Use the colors of your drapes, sofa, or even a rug for inspiration.
If your door hinges continue to squeak after you have tried every solution in existence, you may have to simply replace them. Of course, you can find them at any store that sells home hardware. Just take the hinge apart and attach a side to the frame and the door. Make sure the hinges line up and slip in the pins.
When you?re getting supplies together for your home improvement projects, you should get safety equipment too. Steel-toed boots are a must, as well as gloves, hard hats and goggles. While some of these products might seem costly, they can save you from falling into harms way and are well worth the price. Always wear them while doing improvements.
TIP! If you are going to be doing some work on your home, you should re-insulate the pipes. Over time, the pipe insulation used in old houses will wear away or even detach from its pipes entirely.
If you do not want to spend the time or money maintaining your lawn, think about putting in a yard that is low maintenance. This type of yard is made of rock beds that contain plants which require very little amounts of water. A low maintenance yard will save you time, and low water requirements will save you money.
Re-purpose unlikely items for interesting home improvements. For example, a luggage rack can be reused as a side table. You should take a glass pane from a large frame and attach it to the rack with some permanent adhesive. Use this new side table to display a lamp and a stack of books.
TIP! As time passes, ceramic tile loses its shine and becomes dull. Try using a water/vinegar solution to clean it up.
A monthly scan around your home can keep you on top of any home improvement repairs that need to be made. Air leaks would be an example of this. If you have leaks this might be something you can take care of with insulation.
Before you can start a home improvement project, you need an idea. If you don?t know where you should start, think about hiring an interior designer. These people know how to put colors and layouts together.
Granite tile is preferable over a granite slab if you want to save money. A granite counter that is made from a slab is going to cost quite a bit of money. Granite tiles will cost you a fraction of what slab does, and they look every bit as nice. In addition, you will have enough left for other home improvements.
Home improvement projects can be completed by just about anyone. If you don?t have experience, gaining knowledge will help. This article has offered you some valuable advice that can get you started on your next project. Keep the information in mind and do not be afraid to take on your next home improvement task!
Source: http://www.home-improvement-plans.com/dont-pay-someone-for-simple-repairs/
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Contact: Karen Robinson
karobinson@som.umaryland.edu
410-706-7590
University of Maryland Medical Center
A new study from the University of Maryland School of Medicine suggests that depression results from a disturbance in the ability of brain cells to communicate with each other. The study indicates a major shift in our understanding of how depression is caused and how it should be treated. Instead of focusing on the levels of hormone-like chemicals in the brain, such as serotonin, the scientists found that the transmission of excitatory signals between cells becomes abnormal in depression. The research, by senior author Scott M. Thompson, Ph.D., Professor and Interim Chair of the Department of Physiology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, was published online in the March 17 issue of Nature Neuroscience.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, between 2005 and 2008, approximately one in 10 Americans were treated for depression, with women more than twice as likely as men to become depressed. The most common antidepressant medications, such as Prozac, Zoloft and Celexa, work by preventing brain cells from absorbing serotonin, resulting in an increase in its concentration in the brain. Unfortunately, these medications are effective in only about half of patients. Because elevation of serotonin makes some depressed patients feel better, it has been thought for over 50 years that the cause of depression must therefore be an insufficient level of serotonin. The new University of Maryland study challenges that long-standing explanation.
"Dr. Thompson's groundbreaking research could alter the field of psychiatric medicine, changing how we understand the crippling public health problem of depression and other mental illness," says E. Albert Reece, M.D., Ph.D., M.B.A., Vice President for Medical Affairs at the University of Maryland and John Z. and Akiko K. Bowers Distinguished Professor and Dean at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. "This is the type of cutting-edge science that we strive toward at the University of Maryland, where discoveries made in the laboratory can impact the clinical practice of medicine."
Depression affects more than a quarter of all U.S. adults at some point in their lives, and the World Health Organization predicts that by 2020 it will be the second leading cause of disability worldwide. Depression is also the leading risk factor for suicide, which causes twice as many deaths as murder, and is the third leading cause of death for 15-24 year olds.
The first major finding of the study was the discovery that serotonin has a previously unknown ability to strengthen the communication between brain cells. "Like speaking louder to your companion at a noisy cocktail party, serotonin amplifies excitatory interactions in brain regions important for emotional and cognitive function and apparently helps to make sure that crucial conversations between neurons get heard," says Dr. Thompson. "Then we asked, does this action of serotonin play any role in the therapeutic action of drugs like Prozac?"
To understand what might be wrong in the brains of patients with depression and how elevating serotonin might relieve their symptoms, the study team examined the brains of rats and mice that had been repeatedly exposed to various mildly stressful conditions, comparable to the types of psychological stressors that can trigger depression in people.
The researchers could tell that their animals became depressed because they lost their preference for things that are normally pleasurable. For example, normal animals given a choice of drinking plain water or sugar water strongly prefer the sugary solution. Study animals exposed to repeated stress, however, lost their preference for the sugar water, indicating that they no longer found it rewarding. This depression-like behavior strongly mimics one hallmark of human depression, called anhedonia, in which patients no longer feel rewarded by the pleasures of a nice meal or a good movie, the love of their friends and family, and countless other daily interactions.
A comparison of the activity of the animals' brain cells in normal and stressed rats revealed that stress had no effect on the levels of serotonin in the 'depressed' brains. Instead, it was the excitatory connections that responded to serotonin in strikingly different manner. These changes could be reversed by treating the stressed animals with antidepressants until their normal behavior was restored.
"In the depressed brain, serotonin appears to be trying hard to amplify that cocktail party conversation, but the message still doesn't get through," says Dr. Thompson. Using specially engineered mice created by collaborators at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, the study also revealed that the ability of serotonin to strengthen excitatory connections was required for drugs like antidepressants to work.
Sustained enhancement of communication between brain cells is considered one of the major processes underlying memory and learning. The team's observations that excitatory brain cell function is altered in models of depression could explain why people with depression often have difficulty concentrating, remembering details, or making decisions. Additionally, the findings suggest that the search for new and better antidepressant compounds should be shifted from drugs that elevate serotonin to drugs that strengthen excitatory connections.
"Although more work is needed, we believe that a malfunction of excitatory connections is fundamental to the origins of depression and that restoring normal communication in the brain, something that serotonin apparently does in successfully treated patients, is critical to relieving the symptoms of this devastating disease," Dr. Thompson explains.
###
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Contact: Karen Robinson
karobinson@som.umaryland.edu
410-706-7590
University of Maryland Medical Center
A new study from the University of Maryland School of Medicine suggests that depression results from a disturbance in the ability of brain cells to communicate with each other. The study indicates a major shift in our understanding of how depression is caused and how it should be treated. Instead of focusing on the levels of hormone-like chemicals in the brain, such as serotonin, the scientists found that the transmission of excitatory signals between cells becomes abnormal in depression. The research, by senior author Scott M. Thompson, Ph.D., Professor and Interim Chair of the Department of Physiology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, was published online in the March 17 issue of Nature Neuroscience.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, between 2005 and 2008, approximately one in 10 Americans were treated for depression, with women more than twice as likely as men to become depressed. The most common antidepressant medications, such as Prozac, Zoloft and Celexa, work by preventing brain cells from absorbing serotonin, resulting in an increase in its concentration in the brain. Unfortunately, these medications are effective in only about half of patients. Because elevation of serotonin makes some depressed patients feel better, it has been thought for over 50 years that the cause of depression must therefore be an insufficient level of serotonin. The new University of Maryland study challenges that long-standing explanation.
"Dr. Thompson's groundbreaking research could alter the field of psychiatric medicine, changing how we understand the crippling public health problem of depression and other mental illness," says E. Albert Reece, M.D., Ph.D., M.B.A., Vice President for Medical Affairs at the University of Maryland and John Z. and Akiko K. Bowers Distinguished Professor and Dean at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. "This is the type of cutting-edge science that we strive toward at the University of Maryland, where discoveries made in the laboratory can impact the clinical practice of medicine."
Depression affects more than a quarter of all U.S. adults at some point in their lives, and the World Health Organization predicts that by 2020 it will be the second leading cause of disability worldwide. Depression is also the leading risk factor for suicide, which causes twice as many deaths as murder, and is the third leading cause of death for 15-24 year olds.
The first major finding of the study was the discovery that serotonin has a previously unknown ability to strengthen the communication between brain cells. "Like speaking louder to your companion at a noisy cocktail party, serotonin amplifies excitatory interactions in brain regions important for emotional and cognitive function and apparently helps to make sure that crucial conversations between neurons get heard," says Dr. Thompson. "Then we asked, does this action of serotonin play any role in the therapeutic action of drugs like Prozac?"
To understand what might be wrong in the brains of patients with depression and how elevating serotonin might relieve their symptoms, the study team examined the brains of rats and mice that had been repeatedly exposed to various mildly stressful conditions, comparable to the types of psychological stressors that can trigger depression in people.
The researchers could tell that their animals became depressed because they lost their preference for things that are normally pleasurable. For example, normal animals given a choice of drinking plain water or sugar water strongly prefer the sugary solution. Study animals exposed to repeated stress, however, lost their preference for the sugar water, indicating that they no longer found it rewarding. This depression-like behavior strongly mimics one hallmark of human depression, called anhedonia, in which patients no longer feel rewarded by the pleasures of a nice meal or a good movie, the love of their friends and family, and countless other daily interactions.
A comparison of the activity of the animals' brain cells in normal and stressed rats revealed that stress had no effect on the levels of serotonin in the 'depressed' brains. Instead, it was the excitatory connections that responded to serotonin in strikingly different manner. These changes could be reversed by treating the stressed animals with antidepressants until their normal behavior was restored.
"In the depressed brain, serotonin appears to be trying hard to amplify that cocktail party conversation, but the message still doesn't get through," says Dr. Thompson. Using specially engineered mice created by collaborators at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, the study also revealed that the ability of serotonin to strengthen excitatory connections was required for drugs like antidepressants to work.
Sustained enhancement of communication between brain cells is considered one of the major processes underlying memory and learning. The team's observations that excitatory brain cell function is altered in models of depression could explain why people with depression often have difficulty concentrating, remembering details, or making decisions. Additionally, the findings suggest that the search for new and better antidepressant compounds should be shifted from drugs that elevate serotonin to drugs that strengthen excitatory connections.
"Although more work is needed, we believe that a malfunction of excitatory connections is fundamental to the origins of depression and that restoring normal communication in the brain, something that serotonin apparently does in successfully treated patients, is critical to relieving the symptoms of this devastating disease," Dr. Thompson explains.
###
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-03/uomm-uom031813.php
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